Barrier capping systems and methods of constructing same

ABSTRACT

Described herein are assemblies configured to be constructed atop of highway, freeway, or road barriers or guiderails. Methods of constructing the assemblies are also described.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/066,804, filed Oct. 21, 2014, the entire disclosureof which is incorporated herein by reference.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/945,813, filed Jul. 18, 2013, which claims the benefit ofU.S. Provisional Patent Applications No. 61/762,231, filed Feb. 7, 2013,No. 61/676,090, filed Jul. 26, 2012, and No. 61/673,172, filed Jul. 18,2012, the entire disclosures of each of which is incorporated herein byreference.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/328,694, filed Dec. 26, 2011, which claims the benefit ofU.S. provisional patent applications No. 61/424,498, filed Dec. 17, 2010and No. 61/444,080, filed Feb. 17, 2011, the entire disclosures of eachof which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to wall or barrier capping systems andassemblies.

SUMMARY

Generally described herein are barrier top assemblies comprising: atleast one elongated coupling member configured to be coupled to abarrier; and at least one bracket configured to attach the at least oneelongated coupling member to the barrier.

Methods of constructing the barrier top assemblies are also described.The methods can comprise: attaching an elongated coupling member to thetop surface of a barrier using at least one bracket.

In some embodiments, the barrier is a concrete highway barrier or apolymeric highway barrier.

The elongated coupling members can be between about 6 ft and about 14 ftlong and between about 1 ft and about 3 ft tall. Further, the elongatedcoupling member can include a foam, and that foam can be an expandedpolystyrene (EPS) foam.

The foam can include a coating. The coating can be or include apolyurea.

The brackets used in the assemblies can include a transverse portionthat is configured to attach to a top surface of the barrier. A bolt canbe used to attach the bracket to the barrier through the transverseportion. In some embodiments, the elongated coupling members can includea channel along a bottom surface configured to allow the bolt to resideinside the channel.

Further still, a single bolt and a single nut can be used to attach anelongated coupling member to a bracket.

Also described are systems that can be installed on or around a wall,barrier, or other structure and carry high and/or low voltage power,various forms of data, communication lines, proximity sensors or sensorsystems, and the like. The systems described can be used as securitysystems for both preventing intrusion by an unwanted party and locatingwhere the attempted intrusion occurred. The systems described herein canalso be used to sense an event and optionally report it to a remotesystem.

Described herein in one embodiment are security systems comprising: astructure topped with one or more layers of a binding agent, and atleast one proximity sensor encased within the structure having at leasttwo layers of the binding agent. In one embodiment, two or more layer ofbinding agent can be used. The systems can further include at least oneelongated coupling member, such as a length of foam fitted for aparticular application, between the structure and the at least twolayers of the binding agent.

Methods of securing an area of land are also described comprising:arming a security system on an existing structure, wherein the securitysystem includes a foundation material, a first encasing layer, aproximity sensor, a second encasing layer, and a top material; andsecuring the area of land.

In some embodiments, the elongated coupling members can be formed offoam, the foundation material and the top material are formed of rubber,and/or the first encasing layer and the second encasing layer are formedof fabric or textile. The systems can further include a firstencapsulating layer and a second encapsulating layer surrounding the atleast one proximity sensor. In other words, the proximity sensor can beencased in the first encasing layer and the second encasing layer, andthe first encasing layer and the second encasing layer are encased inthe foundation material and top material. The at least one elongatedcoupling member can be attached to the structure using an adhesive orcan be bolted or screwed to the structure.

The at least one proximity sensor system can include at least one of amotion detection system, a pressure detection system, a shock detectionsystem, an impact detection system, an infrared detection system, or thelike, or a combination thereof. The at least one proximity sensor systemmay be housed within the at least one conduit channel. In otherembodiments, the proximity sensor system can be a sensor tape system, atape switch system, a nano-power tilt and vibration sensor system, oranother electronic device that senses vibration or changes or variationsin weight. With a tape system, the presently described systems canmeasure the distance on the tape that an event has occurred to aid inpinpointing the location of the event. Overall, the security systemsgenerally can add less than about 4 inches of height to the structure.In some embodiments, the security systems can add less than about 1 inchto the structure.

Security systems are also described comprising: a proximity sensorencased in a fabric layer, wherein the fabric layer encased within avulcanized rubber material, and wherein the vulcanized rubber materialapplied to the top of a structure. In some embodiments, the structure isa perimeter structure. In some embodiments, the structure can includewalkways, walls, fences, roof lines, parapets, windows, platforms,platform edges, door thresholds, barriers, combinations thereof, or thelike.

Monitoring systems are also described that can report an event to aremote system. Such a monitoring system can comprise: at least oneelongated coupling member including at least one internal conduitcoupled to a wall; and at least one proximity sensor running through theat least one conduit. In one embodiment, the wall is a jersey barrier.Such a system can be used to detect an automobile accident andoptionally report it to a remote system. The remote system can include aserver, personal computer, fax machine, home automation system, tablet,smart phone, cell phone, land line phone, law enforcement dispatch,emergency dispatch, and the like.

Methods of detecting a traffic collision are described comprising:detecting an impact with a barrier including a system comprising atleast one elongated coupling member coupled to a structure including atleast one conduit; and at least one line proximity sensor runningthrough the at least one conduit. The method can further comprise thestep of reporting the impact to a remote computing system. The remotecomputing system can include any device including a microprocessorand/or possessing an internet protocol (IP) address. The remotecomputing system can include a server, personal computer, fax machine,home automation system, tablet, smart phone, cell phone, and the like.

In some embodiments, the systems further comprise a protective cap overthe elongated coupling member.

Also described are wall caps including at least one elongated couplingmember comprising at least one conduit; and at least one line proximitysensor running through the at least one conduit. The elongated couplingmembers can include at least two conduits and stand about 2 inches toabout 8 inches tall. In one embodiment, six conduits are included. Theconduits can be internal conduits, adjacent conduits, or both. Theconduits can further include data lines, communication lines, powerlines, fiber optic lines, structural bracing lines, or a combinationthereof.

In one embodiment, the system is configured to detect an impact and logthat impact on a remote computer. The remote computer can include anydevice including a microprocessor and/or possessing an internet protocol(IP) address.

Additional features and advantages are described herein, and will beapparent from the following Detailed Description and figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an interior view (from secured area) of an exemplarysecurity system according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is an aerial view of a security system according to the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of an alternate security systemaccording to the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view of an alternate security systemaccording to the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 illustrates a monitoring system coupled to the top of a jerseybarrier commonly used on highways.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 illustrates another monitoring system coupled to the top of ajersey barrier commonly used on highways.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 illustrates another monitoring system coupled to the top of ajersey barrier and including an armored cap.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example schematic of a control module.

FIG. 15 illustrates a perspective view of an elongated coupling memberattached to a highway barrier.

FIG. 16 is a cross-section of FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of another embodiment of elongatedcoupling members attached to a road barrier post.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Generally described herein are wall or barrier topping or cappingsystems and assemblies. In some embodiments, barrier top assemblies aredescribed comprising: at least one elongated coupling member configuredto be coupled to a barrier; and at least one bracket configured toattach the at least one elongated coupling member to the barrier.

Methods of constructing the barrier top assemblies are also described.The methods can comprise: attaching an elongated coupling member to thetop surface of a barrier using at least one bracket.

In some embodiments, systems can carry power, data, proximity sensorsystems and the like, and can be added to an existing structure. Astructure can include, but is not limited to walkways, walls, fences,roof lines, parapets, windows, platforms, platform edges, doorthresholds, barriers, or the like. Such systems can also be added orintegrated into newly formed structures, walls and/or barriers. Thesystems described can also be used as security systems for preventingintrusion by an unwanted party, person, large animal and egress fromwithin the protected area. The systems described can also be used tolocate where the attempted intrusion and/or egress occurred. Thesecurity systems, in a broad aspect, comprise a physical structureincluding for example, a wall, a binding agent, and at least oneproximity sensor system associated with the binding agent. Optionally,the proximity sensor can be associated with an elongated couplingmember. Further, one or more partitioning members can be associated withthe systems.

System 100 described herein can generally include, as illustrated inFIGS. 1 and 2, wall 102, a first binding agent such as foundationmaterial 104, optional first encasing layer 106, proximity sensor 108,optional second encasing layer 110, and a second binding agent such astop material 112. In some embodiments, one or both of the encasinglayers need not be used. In other embodiments, a single encasing layeris folded over a sensor or proximity wire.

Wall 102 or any wall, barrier, structure described can be formed of anysuitable material known in the art. Materials may include cinder block,slump stone, cement, marble, stone, rock, wood, brick, chain link,glass, and the like.

A wall can further be formed of foam blocks cut into brick or stonedimensions and installed similar to a brick or stone wall. Foam blockscan be held together using any adhesive described herein or mortar. Oncethe wall is built, it can be sprayed and sealed using a polymericcoating material described herein.

A wall, barrier, structure can also be a barrier not to preventintrusion, but to prevent ingress or egress. Barriers can be in the formof jersey walls or jersey barriers, water barriers, dams and the like.Barriers can be formed of materials such as, but not limited toconcrete, high density polymer, polymer tanks filled with sand, water orother material, metal, rock, or the like.

In some example embodiments, the systems may be added to an existingwall. Such systems can be advantageous when local, state or federalordinances restrict one's ability to add height to an existing wall. Forexample, in California where earthquake codes restrict block walls frombeing erected beyond six feet in height without cost prohibitivefootings, the security systems described herein can be ideal.

In other situations, a system may be advantageous over adding additionalheight to an existing wall that would not match the already existingaged walls. In other embodiments, simplicity of the systems describedherein may be desirable.

Even further still, the systems described herein can be virtuallyinvisible to the naked eye. In cases of security systems as describedherein, they can be visually appealing. In any case, the systemsdescribed herein can be more effective when compared to common wall topsecurity systems such as razor wire, spikes, or even glued down brokenglass bottles.

Although described on top of a wall, the present systems when used forsecurity and/or detection virtually anywhere it is required. Systems canbe installed on structures such as along the edges of a roof line,around a window, along the side of a wall, along the ground, around theperimeter of a boat/ship, along the base of a garage door, or the like.Any location where foundation material, top material, and/or elongatedcoupling members can be applied, the present systems can be installed.

Proximity sensors can include any fence or wall intrusion detection orproximity sensor system. For example, proximity sensors such asmicrowave cable systems, microphonic cable systems, and fiber opticcable systems can be adapted to the present systems. Further, motiondetection systems can be incorporated. Cable systems described can bereinforced with polymers, tapes, and/or fabric encasings. In oneembodiment, cables can be reinforced with Kevlar. In other embodiments,the cables can be encased in a polymer and adhesive applied to a portionthereof.

A proximity sensor can be placed inside a conduit that is installedwhere the proximity sensor would be installed, and then a sensor wire orloop is fed through the conduit. Any location herein where a wire orloop is associated with the systems can be installed inside a conduit.In fact, if conduits are used, they can house additional electronics orcan allow removal an installation of newer, and/or updated wire systemsas technology changes. A conduit can have a diameter of about ¼ inch,about ½ inch, about ¾ inch, about 1 inch, about 1.5 inches, about 2inches or any suitable diameter. In some embodiments, multiple conduitscan be used.

A proximity sensor can be provided as a system including a fiber opticline. In such a configuration, only a single strand of wire may beneeded as opposed to a fiber optic loop. The proximity sensor can becontrolled by controller module 114. Such systems can detect intrusionwithin about 1 ft, about 5 ft, about 10 ft, about 20 ft, or about 50 ft.In some embodiments, intrusion detection can be within about 10 ft orwithin about 5 ft. In another embodiment a fiber optic loop having anoutbound wire and an inbound wire can be used. Both outbound wire andinbound wire are terminated and ultimately controlled by controllermodule 114. Depending on the proximity sensor system utilized, multiplesensors can be located along fiber optic line and trigger a sensor.

A microwave proximity sensor system can also be used in place of or inaddition to a fiber optic wire or loop. This proximity sensor system caninclude, in this particular example, an analogue cable terminated andultimately controlled by controller module 114. Depending on theproximity sensor system utilized, multiple sensors can be located alongthe analogue cable and can trigger a sensor.

A motion detection system can also boarder or surround the outside of asecurity system. Laser systems that surround can be advantageous.Different lengths of laser motion detection systems can be used. Forexample, 500 foot spans can be used, or 1,000 foot spans, or 2,500 feetor more can be used. A break in the laser system can trigger an alarm ora particular light configuration as described herein.

Any laser beam system known in the art can be used with the presentsecurity systems. In an example embodiment, the laser light beam is ared visible laser light. In other embodiments, the laser light beam is agreen visible laser light. In other embodiments, beams such as infraredbeams that are not detectable to the human eye are desirable.

Binding agents such as foundation material 104 and top material 112 canbe the same or different. Binding agents can include a material selectedfrom thermosets, thermoplastics, solidified gels, tar, stucco, resin,rubber, vulcanized rubber, synthetic rubber, cement, silicone polymers,polyolefins, polyisobutylene, acrylic polymers,ethylene-co-vinylacetate, polybutylmethacrylate, vinyl halide polymers(for example, polyvinyl chloride), polyvinyl ethers (for example,polyvinyl methyl ether), polyvinylidene halides, polyacrylonitrile,polyvinyl ketones, polyvinyl aromatics, polyvinyl esters,acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, ABS resins, ethylene-vinyl acetatecopolymers, polyamides (for example, Nylon 66 and polycaprolactam),alkyd resins, polycarbonates, polyoxymethylenes, polyimides, polyethers,epoxy resins, polyurethanes, rayon, cellulose, cellulose acetate,cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellophane, cellulosenitrate, cellulose propionate, cellulose ethers, carboxymethylcellulose, polytetrafluororethylene (for example, Teflon), combinationsthereof, and the like. In one embodiment, the coating can be for examplea vulcanized rubber. Further, the material can have a UV resistantcomponent to prevent excessive wear from sunlight. Once applied, thematerial can withstand puncture, scratching, or water ingress. In oneembodiment, the materials are a rubber such as RUBERIZE IT® (Ronald R.Savin, Rancho Mirage, Calif.).

The thickness of a material layer or layers can depend on the particularapplication. Thickness can be from about 0.25 mil to about 50 mil, fromabout 0.25 to about 100 mil, from about 0.25 to about 500 mil, or fromabout 0.25 mil to about 1,000 mil, at least about 0.25 mil, at leastabout 10 mil, at least about 25 mil, or at least about 50 mil. In oneembodiment, the thickness is about 10 mil or about 20 mil. In otherembodiments, the thickness can be larger. In other embodiments, theentire material thickness can be about 0.5 mm, about 1 mm, about 1.5 mm,about 2 mm, about 2.5 mm, about 3 mm, about 3.5 mm, about 4 mm, about4.5 mm, about 5 mm, about 6 mm, about 7 mm, about 8 mm, about 9 mm,about 10 mm, about 15 mm, about 20 mm, about 25 mm, about 30 mm, about40 mm, or about 50 mm, at least abut 0.5 mm, at least about 1 mm, atleast about 10 mm, or greater.

The width of a material layer can be about 1 inch, about 2 inches, about3 inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 7inches, about 8 inches, about 9 inches, about 10 inches, at least about1 inch, at least about 2 inches, at least about 5 inches, or greater. Inone embodiment, the width can be about 3 inches.

First encasing layer 106 and second encasing layer 110 can be optional.If used, first encasing layer 106 and second encasing layer 110 can betwo different material layers or can be a single layer folded uponitself. First encasing layer 106 and second encasing layer 110 can betextile or fabric based and can be formed of polyester, cotton, rayon,wool, silk, vinyl, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, firstencasing layer 106 and second encasing layer 110 are a wall fabricmaterial.

The width of either first encasing layer 106 and second encasing layer110 can be about 1 inch, about 1.5 inches, about 2 inches, about 3inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches, about 7 inches,or about 8 inches. In one embodiment, the width can be about 1.5 inches.The widths of both first encasing layer 106 and second encasing layer110 are shorter than the width of foundation material 104 and topmaterial 112. If first encasing layer 106 and second encasing layer 110are formed by folding a fabric or textile material, it is preferred thatthe material be folded in half. If first encasing layer 106 and secondencasing layer 110 are separate, in some embodiments, they can have thesame width.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, when used as a security system, controllermodule 114 can be, for example, mounted on inner face 116 of wall 102.In this example, controller module 114 mounts on inner face 116 so thatpotential burglars do not have the ability to easily access it.Controller module 114 can be connected to and control the at least oneproximity sensor system via cable 118. Controller module 114 can furtherinclude at least one battery (not illustrated) that can be charged by anexternal source 120 via charging cable 122. External source 120 can be,for example, a solar panel, wind turbine or the like. Controller module114 can further be powered by an external power grid through mainconduit 124. In one embodiment, a controller module is located in alockable environment. For example, a controller module can be mounted ina lockable controller box, lockable control room, server closet, or thelike.

In one embodiment, controller module 114 can include at least oneprocessor, such as a microprocessor, a microcontroller-based platform, asuitable integrated circuit or one or more application-specificintegrated circuits (ASIC's). The processor is in communication with oroperable to access or to exchange signals with at least one data storageor memory device. In one embodiment, the processor and the memory devicereside together. The memory device can store program code andinstructions, executable by the processor, to control the securitysystem, proximity sensor, or any other part of a security system. Thememory device also stores other data such as image data, event data,input data, random or pseudo-random number generators, table data orinformation, and applicable rules that relate to the security system. Inone embodiment, the memory device includes random access memory (RAM),which can include non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM),ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), and other forms as commonly understood in thegaming industry. In one embodiment, the memory device includes read onlymemory (ROM). In one embodiment, the memory device includes flash memoryand/or EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory). Anyother suitable magnetic, optical, and/or semiconductor memory mayoperate in conjunction with the gaming device disclosed herein.

Controller module 114 can further include connection points fromexternal sensors used, contacts and relays, time delayed contacts, timedelayed relays, proximity sensors, internal battery unit, batterycharger (e.g., external), indicator lights (e.g., to show function, modeor condition of the system), Ethernet, wireless communication device,and/or cellular modem device. In one embodiment, connection points foreight or more contacts and relays are included. In some embodiments, thebattery can sustain the system for at least about 1 hour, at least about2 hours, at least about 3 hours, at least about 4 hours, at least about6 hours, between about 2 hours and about 6 hours, between about 2 hoursand about 24 hours, or the like.

The one or more processors are electrically coupled by an address/databus to one or more memory devices, other computer circuitry, and one ormore interface circuits. The processor may be any suitable processor,such as a microprocessor from the INTEL® (Intel Corporation, SantaClara, Calif.), NVIDIA® (NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, Calif.), orAMD® (Advanced Micro Devices, Inc, Sunnyvale, Calif.) family ofmicroprocessors. The memory preferably includes volatile memory andnon-volatile memory. Preferably, the memory stores software programsthat can interact with the other devices in the system or externaldevices such as tablets or smart phones. Programs may be executed by theprocessor in any suitable manner. In an example embodiment, memory maybe part of a “cloud” such that cloud computing may be utilized by thesecurity systems.

An example controller module is illustrated in the schematic in FIG. 14.Individual components can be removed and replaced as necessary dependingon a particular need or configuration.

Controller module 114 can further communicate, in some embodiments, witha main controller system, for example, in a security headquarters whichmay be located on the protected property. Controller module 114 canconnect via a communication line within main conduit 124 to a mainframeor server computer system. In other embodiments, communication with themain controller system is via a wireless signal from antenna 126 throughsignal cable 128. Any wireless protocol known in the art can be used,but preferably, the wireless signal can be encrypted above 64 bit, 128bit, 256 bit, 512 bit, or 1024 bit.

As an example, FIG. 3 illustrates how a security system as described cancommunicate and be controlled. Secured wall 300 including a securitysystem as described herein surrounds the entirety of property 302.Control module 304 is located somewhere within secured wall 300. Controlmodule 304 can communicate with main computer 306 within house 308 viacommunication line 310. Control module 304 can also communicate withmain computer 306 via wireless signal 312, 312′. Further still,controller module 304 can communicate with an offsite computer viatelephone or fiber optic lines (not illustrated) or via a long rangewireless signal such as a cellular network or satellite communication.

Main computer 306 can control each electronic function of the securitysystems described herein. For example, computer 306 can arm or disarmthe entire system or any portion thereof. It can, for example, relaywarning signals, dispatch onsite security, or contact law enforcementautomatically. It can collect data about the system including attemptedintrusions, power usage and savings, malfunctions and light burnouts (tobe discussed later), and the like.

The entire system can further comprise a redundant power system 314. Oneor more onsite power supplies are on standby in case external power isdisrupted. These power supplies can be, for example, generators orbatteries charged by solar panels. In some embodiments, the entiresystem is self-contained in that all power is generated on site.

FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of a system as described herein.Security system 400 includes wall 102, elongated coupling member 402,foundation material 104, optional first encasing layer 106, proximitysensor 108, optional second encasing layer 110, and top material 112.Elongated coupling member can be added in order to enhance visualappeal, create a uniform top to wall 102, to add additional flexibilityto the top of wall 102, or a combination thereof.

Elongated coupling members as described herein can be formed from anyappropriate material. Such materials include, but are not limited to,thermosets, thermoplastics, foams, coated foams, gels, and the like. Thematerial may need to be rigid enough to hold an appropriate weight ontop of the wall yet flexible enough to move when touched. The outside ofthe material may have physical properties allowing it to hold up toheat, cold, ultraviolet light, rain, and the like over time.

In one example embodiment, elongated coupling members are formed offoam, for example compressed polystyrene. Compression ratios for thefoams can be about 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.90, or 1.0. Thecompression ratio can vary depending on, for example, the weight bearingload needed. In one embodiment, the foam is about 0.5 lb, 1.0 lb, 1.5 lb2.0 lb or 2.5 lb foam.

The foam can be coated prior to application with a foundation materialor even prior to being placed on a wall, barrier, or structure with amaterial selected from thermosets, thermoplastics, solidified gels, tar,stucco, resin, rubber, cement and the like. The coating can be, forexample, a thermoplastic polyurethane and/or polyurea. The coating canfurther armor the foam and as a result the elongated coupling memberscan resist torture such as puncturing. Once coated with such a coatingmaterial, the foam is able to withstand puncture, scratching, or wateringress. A substance similar to resin sprayed in truck beds can be usedto armor the foam.

In some embodiments, elongated coupling members can be custom craftedusing hot-wire sculpting to fit any type of décor or landscape theme.The coating can be of varying thickness depending on the particularapplication. Thickness can range from about 0.25 mil to about 50 mil. Inone embodiment, the thickness is about 10 mil or about 20 mil. In otherembodiments, the entire coating can have a thickness of about 0.5 mm,about 1 mm, about 1.5 mm, about 2 mm, about 2.5 mm, about 3 mm, about3.5 mm, about 4 mm, about 4.5 mm, about 5 mm, about 6 mm, about 7 mm,about 8 mm, about 9 mm, about 10 mm, about 15 mm, about 20 mm, about 25mm, about 30 mm, about 40 mm, or about 50 mm.

Elongated coupling members can be tailored to fit the top of anyexisting wall, barrier, or structure. For example, elongated couplingmembers can fit on a wall with a square top. Or, the elongated couplingmembers can fit on a wall with a rounded top. Elongated coupling memberscan attach to non-uniform wall tops. A rigid non-uniform wall top can beleveled with an appropriate concrete or mortar before installingelongated coupling members.

Further, elongated coupling members can be fabricated to includeindentations for partitioning members added on top, so that thepartitioning members can sit snuggly on top of the elongated couplingmembers. Holes for installing mounting hardware (discussed below) canalso be included. Partitioning members are described in U.S. Pat. No.8,776,465, which is incorporated herein in its entirety.

In some example embodiments, elongated coupling members have at leastone channel to run at least one proximity sensor system down the lengththereof. In other embodiments, the elongated coupling members have two,three, four five, six, seven or more channels running through them. Thischannel can be deep enough to fully conceal the proximity sensor wirewithin the channel. In one example embodiment, elongated couplingmembers have two channels to house a loop of proximity sensor wiring. Inone channel the outbound wiring is housed and the inbound wiring ishoused in a second channel. In another embodiment, elongated couplingmembers have one channel to house a proximity sensor wire. Once wiresare embedded within the channels, they can be caulked in place toprotect the wires from elements such as, but not limited to, weather.

Channels can be bored into elongated coupling member in virtually anyconfiguration. For example, two holes can be bored in each outer edge onthe elongated coupling member to hold a proximity sensor wire and adirect current power line. Further, a channel can be bored, for example,under the partitioning member for wires such as, for example, LEDlighting strips or individual LED lights.

Further, elongated coupling members can be cut at desired angles forassembling the security system. For example, 90° cuts and end caps wherea wall ends, are useful. Further, miter cuts of the elongated couplingmembers are useful for turns in the wall, for example, a set of 45°miter cuts gives a 90° turn in the wall. Beveled cuts are also usefulfor elevation changes in a wall. Again, a set of 45° bevel cuts gives a90° elevation change in the wall. Combinations of miter and bevel cutscan be made on the elongated coupling members to account for virtuallyany turn or elevation change in the wall.

Cuttablility of elongated coupling members can aid in repair of asecurity system over time. Damage to a security system section mayrequire that an assembled section be cut out and removed withoutsubstantially damaging a wall, barrier, or structure. The materials usedto form the elongated coupling members are cuttable under suchcircumstances.

In other embodiments, elongated coupling members can be formulated aspreconfigured units including built in wiring, proximity sensor(s),lights and the like as desired for a particular installation. Uponinstallation, each preconfigured unit can have plugs at each end thatconnect together with adjacent preconfigured units for easyinstallation.

The size of wall 102 dictates the physical dimensions of elongatedcoupling members 402. For example, if wall 102 is formed of a standard 6inch deep cinder block, then elongated coupling members 402 have amatching channel 404 on the bottom as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7. Inthe case of a 6 inch cinder block, matching channel 404 might be 6inches wide or even 6.25 inches wide to account for variations in blockdepth.

The height of the elongated coupling members are generally on the orderof about 2 inches to about 10 feet or more. In other embodiments, theelongated coupling members are about 3 inches to about 3 feet tall. Inyet other embodiments, the elongated coupling members are about 6 inchesto about 2 feet tall.

Lengths of elongated coupling members are dependent on the scope ofsecurity system being installed. In most cases, to save on cost, 2 ft, 4ft, 6 ft, 8 ft or even 12 ft lengths might be ideal wherein appropriatelengths are cut at the installation site. However, short lengths such as1 ft or less can be produced.

Elongated coupling members are generally coupled to a wall, barrier, orstructure using an adhesive such as acrylic latex, polystyrenes,polyurethanes, and combinations thereof. Any common type of constructionadhesive such as caulks, cements, mortars, polymeric adhesives and thelike can be used. In addition to or as an alternative to adhesive,elongated coupling members can be anchored to a wall, barrier, orstructure. Bolts and masonry anchors with washers can hold elongatedcoupling members in place. In one example embodiment, elongated couplingmembers are both glued and anchored to a wall, barrier, or structure.

In another embodiment, elongated coupling members can be coupled to awall, barrier, or structure using a strap or tie. Straps and ties can bemade of any suitable material. Suitable materials can include rope,metal, fabric, and the like. In one embodiment, a metal strap is usedand clamped to prevent removal. In another embodiment, a fabric tie downsystem is used similar to systems used to hold cargo in a vehicle. Thestrap or tie can be secured through a hole in an elongated couplingmember, such as a hole cut through an elongated coupling member andreinforced with a device such as a piece of PVC pipe or metal pipe. Alsothe tie or strap can be secured through a complimentary hole in thewall, barrier, or structure optionally reinforce as described above. Inother embodiments, features can be added to the elongated couplingmembers and/or wall, barrier, or structure that allows straps or ties tobe secured. Such features can be snaps, bolds, hooks and the like.

Elongated coupling members can also be attached to a wall, barrier, orstructure using friction. Channel 404 can be cut to such a dimensionthat it can hold itself onto a wall, barrier, or structure usingfriction alone. As such, in some embodiments, no adhesive and no anchorsneed to be used to secure elongated coupling members 402 to a wall,barrier, or structure.

Further still, elongated coupling members 402 can be configured with aprotruding channel along the bottom such that a groove is cut into thetop of an existing wall and the elongated coupling members' protrudingchannel is placed into the newly cut groove. Again, the elongatedcoupling members can be glued or physically bolted down once placedwithin the groove atop the existing wall.

Another embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7. Security system 600includes wall 102, elongated coupling member 602, optional firstencasing layer 106, 106′, first proximity sensor 608, second proximitysensor 610, optional second encasing layer 110, 110′, and top material112. Elongated coupling member 602 can be added in order to enhancevisual appeal, create a uniform top to wall 102, to add additionalflexibility to the top of wall 102, or a combination thereof.

Here, although no foundation material 104 is used, it may be used insome embodiments. When using a partitioning member a foundation material104 may or may not be used.

Further, portioning member 602 has a matching channel 404 that matchesthe width of wall 102. Again, partitioning member 602 does not need toinclude matching channel 404 and can simply rest atop of wall 102.

Here, first proximity sensor 608 and second proximity sensor 610 can betwo different fiber optic sensor wires, a single fiber optic loop, ananalog loop, or two analog sensor wires.

Systems described herein can further include at least one light. Asillustrated in FIG. 6, at least one light 612 can be included andassociated with elongated coupling member 602. Light 612 need not beassociated with elongated coupling member 602. In some embodiments, aconduit can be run alongside or integral with any of the proximitysensors or wires described.

In one embodiment, at least one light 612 or lights can be illuminatedwhite, at least from sunset to sunrise, and upon tripping of a proximitysensor can change light 612 to a red color indicating the location of anattempted penetration. In other embodiments, the lights might blink ormight all turn red upon attempted penetration. The lights can bedimmable and function from dusk to dawn to save on energy costs. Thelights are preferably light emitting diodes (LEDs), but can be fittedwith any type of light known in the art.

Lights 612 can serve both a security function and a decorative function.As a security measure, each light 612 can illuminate to indicate whereproximity sensor system had been tripped/activated. The colors of thelight may vary greatly depending on the threat. For example, red mightindicate danger, white might indicate intrusion in progress, and bluemight indicate medical need, for example to signal paramedics to anonsite injury. In another embodiment, the lights are simply decorative.For example, lights can change colors at random or in order to directpersons to the entrance to the secured area (in case of emergency) orcan simply vary colors to look like decorative holiday lights. Suchlighting system can be fitted to any security system described herein.

Further, a proximity sensor system in the form of a motion detectionsystem on the exterior portion of the wall can be activated inparticular sections of the wall. Lights can be activated to warn apotential intruder that the wall is secured.

Electronics such as light controllers, proximity system controllers andbatteries or power converters can be built into control box 114 or intoan independent box. Solar panels that charge batteries can be used topower the lights. The lights can also be powered by a standard powergrid.

In another embodiment, light band 406 in FIG. 4 can be associated with asimple point of contact motion sensor system that is embedded intoelongated coupling members or as a stand alone system if elongatedcoupling members are not used. With such a system, light band 406 maysimply be illuminated when the motion sensor system istripped/activated. A light band can have two or more lights or a strandof lights. For example, light band 406 may include four lights.

Elongated coupling members can further include at least one internalconduit 614. Such conduits can be cut into elongated coupling membersprior to installation. Conduits can also be cut after installation.Elongated coupling members can include one, two, three, four, five, six,seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve or more internal or integratedconduits. Integrated conduits can be lined with polymeric tubes, metaltubes, polymeric coatings, resin coatings, or can be unlined.

Conduits can carry wiring, liquids, or the like. Conduits can carry highvoltage power, low voltage power, DC power, AC power, data lines, fileroptic data lines, analog data lines, network data lines, coaxial datalines, HDMI data lines, phone lines. Data can include video, stillimages, voice data, computer commands, system signaling, and the like.

Wiring can be run through a conduit prior to installation of anelongated coupling member and can include snap together systems for easyinstallation. Wiring can also be installed in a conduit afterinstallation of a series of elongated coupling members.

In one embodiment, different conduits can carry power, data and/or aproximity sensor systems. A control box (not illustrated) can controlfunctions of lines running through first and second conduits.

Monitoring systems are also described. Such systems can use materials,methods, and systems as described. One example monitoring system isillustrated in FIGS. 8-9. Monitoring system 800 includes at least oneelongated coupling member 802 covered in coating 804. Coating can be anycoating as described here. Coating 804 in one embodiment is a polyureaand/or resin coating. The coating can be formulated for application tofoam materials. In one embodiment, the coating can be a resin used tocoat a truck bed. The at least one elongated coupling member 802 can beattached to the top of barrier 806. Barrier 806 can be a jersey barriercommonly used on highways. Elongated coupling member 802 can be attachedto barrier 806 using any methods described herein such as, but notlimited to, adhesive, bolts, or friction.

Elongated coupling member 802 can further include multiple conduitsrunning through it. In system 800, elongated coupling member 802includes first conduit 808 and second conduit 810. First and secondconduit can be lined or unlined and can carrier the same or differentmaterials through them. In one embodiment, first conduit 808 can carrypower and second conduit 810 can carry data and/or a proximity sensorsystem. A control box (not illustrated) can control functions of linesrunning through first and second conduits.

In another embodiment, a monitoring system is illustrated in FIGS.10-11. Monitoring system 1000 includes at least one elongated couplingmember 1002 covered in coating 1004. Coating can be any coating asdescribed here. Coating 1004 in one embodiment is a polyurea and/orresin coating. The coating can be formulated for application to foammaterials. In one embodiment, the coating can be a resin used to coat atruck bed. The at least one elongated coupling member 1002 can beattached to the top of barrier 1006. Barrier 1006 can be a jerseybarrier commonly used on highways. Elongated coupling member 1002 can beattached to barrier 1006 using any methods described herein such as, butnot limited to, adhesive, bolts, or friction.

Elongated coupling member 1002 can further include multiple conduitsrunning through it. In system 1000, elongated coupling member 1002 caninclude integrated conduits such as first conduit 1008, second conduit1010, third conduit 1012, and fourth conduit 1014. Elongated couplingmember 1002 can include one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight,nine, ten, eleven, twelve or more internal or integrated conduits.Integrated conduits can be lined or unlined and can carrier the same ordifferent materials through them. Integrated conduit diameter sizes arediscussed above.

Elongated coupling member 1002 can further include multiple conduitsrunning adjacent to it and optionally protected by it. In system 1000,elongated coupling member 1002 can include adjacent conduits such asfirst adjacent conduit 1016, second adjacent conduit 1018, thirdadjacent conduit 1020, fourth adjacent conduit 1022, fifth adjacentconduit 1024, and sixth adjacent conduit 1026. Adjacent conduits can beformed of any suitable material and can carrier the same or differentlines through them. Suitable materials can be polymers such as plasticor metal. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, teneleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or fifteen adjacent conduits can beused. Each adjacent conduit have a diameter of about 0.25 inch, about0.5 inch, about 0.75 inch, about 1 inch, about 1.5 inches, about 2inches or any suitable diameter.

Elongated coupling member 1002 can optionally include channel 1028.Channel 1028 can house any wire or wire system as described herein. Forexample, a wire can be a proximity sensor system wire 1030, which can beheld in place using an adhesive.

In some embodiments, space 1032 can be created under adjacent conduits.Space 1032 can be filled with any appropriate material. In oneembodiment, space 1032 can be filled with expanding foam, unexpandingfoam, expanding adhesive, unexpanding adhesive, or the like. Suchmaterial can aid in attaching mentoring system 1000 to the top ofbarrier 1006. In other embodiments, space 1032 can remain empty.

In one embodiment, integrated conduits are not used with monitoringsystem 1000. In other embodiments, adjacent conduits are not used withmonitoring system 1000. In some embodiments, only channel 1028 is usedand no integrated conduits or adjacent conduits are used.

Conduits can carry wiring, liquids, or the like. Conduits can carry highvoltage power, low voltage power, DC power, AC power, data lines, fileroptic data lines, analog data lines, network data lines, coaxial datalines, HDMI data lines, phone lines. Data can include video, stillimages, voice data, computer commands, system signaling, and the like.Data can be used or acquired by and/or power can be used by cameras,camera systems, lights, signs, signals, radar detectors, transponderinterfaces, speed sensors, traffic sensors, and the like.

In another embodiment, monitoring and security systems described hereincan include a cap. A cap can be a protective covering that may notphysically touch a proximity sensor associated with a wall, barrier, orstructure. However, the cap can come into contact with the sensor upon aparticular pressure applied to the cap.

An exposed or semi-exposed proximity sensor can in some cases detecteven a slight vibration on the wire, especially when associated withexposed flexible foam. Even a touch such as a bird landing on the foamor sensor itself can trigger the systems described. If sensitivity is anissue, a cap as described can be added to any system described herein.

A monitoring system including an exemplary cap is illustrated in FIGS.12-13. Monitoring system 1200 includes an elongated coupling member 1202having an associated proximity sensor 1204 or proximity sensor system asdescribed herein, or a material system such as system 100. Proximitysensor 1204 can be encased in a conduit or can be simply attached toelongated coupling member 1202. Elongated coupling member 1202 can beattached to barrier 1206 or a wall or structure using any methoddescribed herein such as adhesive or bolts. Also, elongated couplingmember can be formed in any configuration or shape as described hereincan be formed of any appropriate material described herein. In oneembodiment, elongated coupling member 1202 can be formed of foam andhave a shape of a channel. In other aspects, elongated coupling membercan be attached to barrier 1206 using an adhesive 1208 such as a mastic.

Elongated coupling member 1202 can have any width that allows it to sitatop of barrier 1206 without interacting with a cap. Widths can be about½ in, about 1 in, about 2 in, about 3 in or about 4 in.

Also as described herein, elongated coupling member 1202 can include oneor more conduits for carrying power, data and/or the like. Conduits canbe integrated into elongated coupling member 1202 or can be associatedwith the outside thereof. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven,eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve or conduits can be associated withelongated coupling member 1202. Each conduit can have a diameter ofabout ¼ inch, about ½ inch, about ¾ inch, about 1 inch, about 1.5inches, about 2 inches or any suitable diameter.

Protective cap 1210 can be added to aid in preventing false alarms. Cap1210 can be formed in a shape that can completely encase proximitysensor 1202 while creating space 1212 around proximity sensor 1204. Inother embodiments, a cap need to completely encase a proximity sensor;rather, cap can have open sections but still prevent certain types ofimpacts. Protective cap 1210 can be formed of any material describedherein. In some embodiments, protective cap 1210 is formed of highdensity foam. Protective cap 1210 can further be covered in coating1214. Coating can be any material described. In one embodiment, coating1214 can be a resin such as a tuck bed liner material. Protective cap1210 can be coated in the inside, on the outside, or both. In oneembodiment, protective cap 1210 is only coated on the outside.

As illustrated in FIGS. 12-13, protective cap 1210 can includeprotrusion 1216 on its inside surface and over proximity sensor 1204.Protrusion 1216 can provide gap 1218 over proximity sensor. Gap 1218 canbe about 1/256 in, about 1/128 in, about 1/64 in, about 1/32 in, about1/16 in, about ⅛ in, about ¼ in, about ½ in, about ¾ in, about 1 in,about 2 in, about 3 in, about 4 in, about 5 in, about 6 in, at leastabout 1/256 in, at least about 1/128 in, at least about 1/64 in, lessthan about 2 in, less than about 1 in, less than about ½ in, less thanabout ¼ in, less than about 1/16 in, between about 1/256 in and about 1in, between about 1/256 in and about ½ in, between about 1/64 in andabout 1 in, or between about 1/16 in and about 1 in.

Protrusion 1216 can be configured to touch proximity sensor 1204, basedon gap 1218, when a given amount of force is applied to protective cap1210. Pressures that can be applied to protective cap 1210 which causeprotrusion 1216 to touch proximity sensor 1204 can be about 2 N, about3N, about 4 N, about 5 N, about 6 N, about 7 N, about 8 N, about 9 N,about 10 N, about 15 N, about 20 N, about 25 N, about 30 N, about 35 N,about 40 N, about 45 N, about 50 N, about 75 N, about 100 N, about 200N, about 300 N, about 400 N, about 500 N, at least about 2 N, at leastabout 3N, at least about 4 N, at least about 5 N, at least about 6 N, atleast about 7 N, at least about 8 N, at least about 9 N, at least about10 N, at least about 15 N, at least about 20 N, at least about 25 N, atleast about 30 N, at least about 35 N, at least about 40 N, at leastabout 45 N, at least about 50 N, between about 2 N and about 500 N,between about 2 N and about 100 N, between about 5 N and about 100 N, orbetween about 4 N and about 20 N.

Different gaps and foam densities of protective cap 1210 can be combinedby a skilled artisan to achieve a particular force requirement to tripproximity sensor 1204. In some embodiments, protrusion 1216 can beshaped and gap 1218 measured to signal a particular event based onpressure applied to protective cap 1210. Also, protrusion 1216 can beshaped to allow contact with proximity sensor 1204 when cap 1210 iscontacted at particular areas or at particular angles. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 13, protrusion 1216 may be suited to detect apressure applied to the top of protective cap 1210. In anotherembodiment, protrusions may be added to the underside of protective cap1210 along the sides thereby allowing detection of pressures applied tothe sides of protective cap 1210.

In some embodiments, protective cap 1210 may not need a protrusion atall. Protective cap 1210 can merely add protection from minor impactswith proximity sensor and allow only major impacts with protective cap1210 or barrier 1206 to be detected. For example, if only major impactssuch as a car colliding with barrier 1206 are required to be reported, aprotrusion may not be needed on protective cap 1210 as such an impactalone with barrier 1206 can trip the proximity sensor.

Protective cap 1210 can be connected to barrier 1206 using any method ormaterial described herein. In one embodiment, protective cap 1210 issnapped onto barrier 1206 using friction. In another embodiment, aftersnapping protective cap 1210 onto battier 1206, adhesive 1220 can beused to seal cap onto barrier 1206. Cap can further include channelsshaped like the top of the wall, barrier or structure it is to beapplied to in order to provide a better seal. However, these channelsmay not be needed.

Protective cap 1210 can include one or more conduits for carrying power,data and/or the like. Conduits can be integrated into protective cap1210 or can be associated with the outside thereof. One, two, three,four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve or conduits canbe associated with protective cap 1210. Each conduit can have a diameterof about ¼ inch, about ½ inch, about ¾ inch, about 1 inch, about 1.5inches, about 2 inches or any suitable diameter.

Protective cap 1210 installed over a proximity sensor system asdescribed can create a space 1212 over the proximity system. In someembodiments, space 1212 can be filled with any appropriate material thatcan absorb shock to a desired degree. In one embodiment, space 1212 canbe filled with expanding foam, unexpanding foam, expanding adhesive,unexpanding adhesive, or the like. Such material can aid in attachingprotective cap 1210 to barrier 1206, but at the same time absorb forcesapplied to protective cap 1210 without transferring undesired detectionforces to proximity sensor 1204. In other embodiments, space 1212 canremain empty.

Monitoring systems described herein can be used to detect movement orimpact with the wall, barrier, or structure the system is mounted on.Through a control box or other computing device, a signal can bedirected to an off-site or remote system that an event has occurred.Proper authorities can be contacted upon detection of the signal. In oneembodiment, the monitoring systems can be installed on highway mediansand can detect collisions with the median. Upon detection of acollision, police, fire, paramedic or other authority can be contactedand dispatched.

Generally, to install a system as described herein not including apartitioning member, steps such as, but not limited to, the followingare utilized. First an existing wall can be chosen for security systeminstallation or a new wall can be constructed for the purpose ofinstalling a security system. Then, the wall's surface can be cleaned.Cleaning can be with a machine such as a pressure washer. Water can beused with the pressure washer or water including a cleaner such as a 5%chlorine solution. The wall can then be allowed to dry.

After the wall is dry, a foundation material can be applied to the topof the wall. In some embodiments, the foundation material can bebrushed, rolled or sprayed on the top of the wall. Preferably, whilefoundation material is still tacky, a first encasing layer can be placedin the middle of the top of the wall along its entire length. Thefoundation material may be allowed to soak into a porous or absorbentencasing layer.

A fiber optic wire or other electronic sensor can then be positioned inthe center of the first encasing layer. At this point, a second encasinglayer can be placed on top of the fiber optic wire thereby encasing thefiber optic wire. A top material such as the same material used as thefoundation material can be coated on top of the encased fiber opticwire. Multiple coats may be applied on top of the first layer of topmaterial.

After the one or more layers of top material have dried, the entiresystem just installed can be painted to match the color of the existingwall or even another decorative color. In one embodiment, the system canbe painted the color of the existing wall to prevent detection of thesystem's presence. In some embodiments, the system need not be painted.In other embodiments, the foundation material and top material can bepre-dyed to color match the existing wall thereby eliminating thepainting step.

The fiber optic wire can be operatively connected to one or morecontrollers, CPUs, processors, computer systems and/or alarm systems andactivated thereby securing the area inside the wall.

In another embodiment, a system can include an elongated couplingmember. After the wall has been cleaned as dried as described, anelongated coupling member(s) can be attached to the top of the wallusing an adhesive, bolts or both. Then, a foundation material can beapplied to the top of the elongated coupling member(s). In someembodiments, the foundation material can be brushed, rolled or sprayedon the elongated coupling member(s). Preferably, while foundationmaterial is still tacky, a first encasing layer can be placed in themiddle of the top of the elongated coupling member(s) along its entirelength. The foundation material may be allowed to soak into a porous orabsorbent encasing layer.

A fiber optic wire or other electronic sensor can then be positioned inthe center of the first encasing layer. At this point, a second encasinglayer can be placed on top of the fiber optic wire thereby encasing it.A top material such as the same material used as the foundation materialcan be coated on top of the encased fiber optic wire. Multiple coats maybe applied on top of the first layer of top material.

After the one or more layers of top material have dried, the entiresystem just installed can be painted to match the color of the existingwall or even another decorative color. However, in one embodiment, thesystem can be painted the color of the existing wall to preventdetection of the system's presence. In some embodiments, the system neednot be painted. In other embodiments, the foundation material and topmaterial can be pre-dyed to color match the existing wall therebyeliminating the painting step.

The fiber optic wire can be operatively connected to one or morecontrollers, CPUs, processors, computer systems and/or alarm systems andactivated thereby securing the area inside the wall or monitoring thewall, barrier, or structure itself.

A security system can be installed that may or may not require anelongated coupling member. In one embodiment, another security systemcan be constructed with an elongated coupling member.

In another embodiment, a monitoring system can include an elongatedcoupling member with one or more integrated conduit and/or one or moreadjacent conduit. After the wall has been cleaned as dried as described,an elongated coupling member(s) can be attached to the top of the wallusing an adhesive, bolts or both. Then, a coating can be applied to thetop of the elongated coupling member(s). In one embodiment, the coatingis with resin similar to truck bed-liner material. In some embodiments,the coating material can be brushed, rolled or sprayed on the elongatedcoupling member(s). In another embodiment, elongated coupling memberscan be coated prior to installation.

The systems described herein when used for security can further includean audible alarm. Speakers can be built into the stakes or horns, orother announcing devices can be associated with the wall. Audible alarmssounds can be emitted from the system or verbal warning can be echoedthrough the system.

The security systems described herein once installed and calibratedgenerally activate before an intrusion takes place, for example, whenmotion is detected, when something is propped up against a sensor, or asensor is touched.

The system alone, without being activated, provides several deterrentsto prevent an intruder from even attempting to overcome the securitysystems. If warning signs or indications in or on the wall itselftranslate to a potential intruder, general fears of audible alarms orbright lights activated by the system can prevent a potential intrusion.

In some embodiments, the systems described herein do not include anelectronic security system. Rather, in some embodiments, anon-electronic system or wall topping assembly can include one or moreelongated coupling members, a wall onto which to attach the elongatedcoupling member(s), and an attachment mechanism configured to attach theelongated coupling member(s) to the wall.

In one embodiment, the systems described can be referred to as theTRAFFIC SHIELD™ or AIRPORT DEFENSE SHIELD™ (both marks owned byHeightened Security, Palm Desert, Calif.). Although the names maysuggest that one be used on a road and the other at an airport, bothsystems can be used at either an airport or on a road, highway, orfreeway.

These non-electronic systems can be attached to any wall or barrier asdescribed herein. These systems can be attached to a wall, barrier, orstructure to prevent intrusion, ingress or egress over the wall,barrier, or structure. These systems can be attached, for example, tobarriers in the form of jersey walls or jersey barriers, concretetraffic barriers, water filled plastic or other polymeric barriers, sandfilled plastic or other polymeric barriers, dams, guardrails, I-J-Krails, and the like. Other barriers are also envisioned such as, but notlimited to barriers formed of materials such as, but not limited toconcrete, metal, and high density polymer, and filled with sand, water,metal, rock, other material, combinations thereof, or the like.

In other embodiments, a barrier can also be a guiderail barrier attachedto sigma posts or other types of posts separated by a spacer. Theelongated coupling members can be attached to the spacer, sigma posts orthe guiderail itself. In one embodiment, the elongated coupling membersare attached to the spacer. The spacer can be formed of wood, concrete,metal, rubber, or the like.

In some embodiments, the systems can be used on or for temporary steeland concrete barriers, permanent barriers and guardrails, curvedroadways, access ramps, wooden guardrails, protection for work zonecrews, and or toll booth plazas. In one embodiment, the systems can beused as a permanent solution for problem areas.

An example non-electronic system is illustrated in FIGS. 15-17. System1500 includes elongated coupling member 1502 attached, coupled, orotherwise associated with barrier 1504.

Elongated coupling member 1502 can be generally rectangular in eachsurface. However, in some embodiments, each surface may not berectangular. For example, end surface 1506 can be trapezoidal to providean elongated coupling member that tapers in shape toward the top.However, in other embodiments, end surface 1506 can be substantiallyrectangular as illustrated in FIG. 15. A tapering tape can aid instacking elongated coupling members for storage and shipping when not inuse. For example, every other elongated coupling member can beright-side up or upside down complimenting an adjacent elongatedcoupling member's shape.

Likewise, the top surface 1508 of an elongated coupling member may notbe square, but may have a rounded edge 1510 to reduce wind turbulenceover the elongated coupling member. Likewise, front surface 1509 canhave a rectangular shape or other decorative shapes as desired.

Elongated couple member 1502 can have varying heights 1512. For example,in some embodiments, elongated coupling members can be about 1 ft tall,about 1.5 ft tall, about 2 ft tall, about 2.5 ft tall, about 3 ft tall,about 3.5 ft tall, about 4 ft tall, about 4.5 ft tall, about 5 ft tall,or more. In some embodiments, elongated coupling members 1502 can bebetween about 1 ft and about 5 ft tall or between about 2 ft and about 4ft tall.

Elongated couple member 1502 can have varying lengths 1514. For example,in some embodiments, elongated coupling members can be about 1 ft long,about 2 ft long, about 3 ft long, about 4 ft long, about 5 ft long,about 6 ft long, about 6.25 ft long, about 7 ft long, about 8 ft long,about 9 ft long, about 10 ft long, about 11 ft long, about 12 ft long,about 12.5 ft long, about 13 ft long, about 14 ft long, or more. In someembodiments, elongated coupling members 1502 can be between about 6 ftand about 14 ft long or between about 6 ft and about 12 ft long.

Elongated couple member 1502 can have varying thicknesses 1516. Forexample, in some embodiments, elongated coupling members can be about 1in thick, about 2 in thick, about 3 in thick, about 4 in thick, about 5in thick, about 6 in thick, about 7 in thick, about 8 in thick, about 9in thick, about 10 in thick, or more. In some embodiments, elongatedcoupling members 1502 can be between about 2 in and about 6 in thick orbetween about 4 in and about 6 in thick.

Although general lengths, heights and thicknesses of elongated couplingmembers are disclosed above, different dimensions can be custom cut andcoated as described herein. For example, foam can be custom cut using ahot wire method.

In some embodiments, custom dimensions can be fabricated to meet localor state requirements, such as for highway safety.

Elongated couple member 1502 can be formed of any material describedherein and optionally coated with any material described herein. In oneexample embodiment, elongated couple member 1502 can be formed of foam,for example compressed polystyrene or expanded polystyrene (EPS). Foamcan be fully armored product as described using the coating outlinedbelow. The foam can be recycled foam, such as greater than about 50%recycled, greater than about 60% recycled, greater than about 70%recycled, greater than about 80% recycled, greater than about 90%recycled, greater than about 95% recycled, or greater than about 99%recycled. In one embodiment, the foams can be 100% recycled material.

Compression ratios for the foams can be about 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.75,0.80, 0.90, or 1.0. The compression ratio can vary depending on, forexample, the weight bearing load needed. In one embodiment, the foam isabout 0.5 lb, 1.0 lb, 1.5 lb 2.0 lb or 2.5 lb foam.

The foams can resist mold or mildew growth. Also, the foams may notcontribute to mold or mildew growth.

The foams can also be substantially free of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC),hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), and formaldehyde. For example, the foamscan be greater than about 50% free of these chemicals, greater thanabout 60% free of these chemicals, greater than about 70% free of thesechemicals, greater than about 80% free of these chemicals, greater thanabout 90% free of these chemicals, greater than about 95% free of thesechemicals, or greater than about 99% free of these chemicals. In oneembodiment, the coatings can be 100% free of these chemicals.

In some embodiments, the foams can be manufactured in accordance withASTM C578 (Standard Specification for Rigid, Cellular PolystyreneThermal Insulation).

The foam can be coated with a material such as, but not limited to,thermosets, thermoplastics, solidified gels, tar, stucco, resin, rubber,cement and the like. In one embodiment, the coating can be a polyurea.The coating can further armor the foam and as a result the elongatedcoupling members can resist torture such as puncturing and ultraviolet(UV) light. Once coated with such a coating material, the foam is ableto withstand puncture, scratching, UV light penetration and damage, orwater ingress. A substance similar to resin sprayed in truck beds can beused to coat the elongated coupling members.

In some embodiments, the coatings can be substantially free of volatileorganic compounds (VOCs). For example, the coatings can be greater thanabout 50% VOC free, greater than about 60% VOC free, greater than about70% VOC free, greater than about 80% VOC free, greater than about 90%VOC free, greater than about 95% VOC free, or greater than about 99% VOCfree. In one embodiment, the coatings can be 100% VOC free.

In some embodiments, the coatings can be colored to a particularspecification.

In some embodiments, the coatings can be configured to resist roadsalts, sea salts, chlorines, and other corrosion.

Further, because the coatings are weatherproof and resist UV light, theelongated coupling members can be stored outside when not in use thuseliminating the need for expensive indoor storage space.

Elongated coupling member 1502 can be attached to a barrier using abracket(s) 1518. Brackets can be formed of 22 gauge, 20 gauge, 18 gauge,16 gauge, or 14 gauge steel. In some embodiments, these brackets can bemanufactured to be attached to both 4 inch and 6 inch width barriers.

Bracket 1518 can have first attachment appendage 1520 and secondattachment appendage 1522 which can be used to attach the bracket tobarrier 1504. A transverse portion 1524 attaches first attachmentappendage 1520 and second attachment appendage 1522 to one another andrests on barrier 1504 on top surface 1526. In some embodiments, firstattachment appendage 1520 and second attachment appendage 1522 can eachbe about 3 inches, about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches,greater than about 3 inches, or greater than about 4 inches long.

First attachment appendage 1520 and second attachment appendage 1522 canbe constructed to use a friction fit to grasp the side surfaces ofbarrier 1504 or can be fitted with one or more holes (not illustrated)for one or more side bolts 1528 or other attachment devices. Further,transverse portion 1524 can include a hole for a top bolt(s) 1530. Topbolt 1530 can protrude from the surface of transverse portion 1524. Insuch embodiments, a groove 1532 can be cut in the bottom surface ofelongated coupling member 1502 so that it can still sit atop transverseportion 1524. In other embodiments, where one or more side bolts 1528 orbolts and nuts are used, top bolt 1530 may not be needed and groove 1532need not be cut in elongated coupling members.

Protruding up from transverse portion 1524 are first vertical member1534 and second vertical member 1536. Each of these members can includeone or more holes in order to provide attachment to elongated couplingmember 1502. In one embodiment, a hole can be drilled through elongatedcoupling member 1502, a bolt 1538 fed through and secured with a nut1540 on the other end of elongated coupling member. In some embodiments,a similar bolt and nut configuration can be used to attach firstattachment appendage 1520 and second attachment appendage 1522 tobarrier 1504.

In some embodiments, first vertical member 1534 and second verticalmember 1536 can be used to attach two adjacent elongated coupling member1502. This configuration is illustrated in FIG. 17 and is applicable toboth barrier 1504 as a post or on a concrete or polymer highway barrier.

In some embodiments, first vertical member 1534 and second verticalmember 1536 can each be about 4 inches, about 5 inches, about 6 inches,about 8 inches, greater than about 4 inches, or greater than about 6inches long.

In some embodiments, first attachment appendage 1520 and secondattachment appendage 1522 can be rotated relative to first verticalmember 1534 and second vertical member 1536. For example, as illustratedin FIG. 17, first attachment appendage 1520 and second attachmentappendage 1522 have been rotated by 90 degrees relative to firstvertical member 1534 and second vertical member 1536. In otherembodiments, rotation can be about 10 degrees, about 20 degrees, about30 degrees, about 40 degrees, about 50 degrees, about 60 degrees, about70 degrees, about 80 degrees, about 90 degrees, between about 10 degreesand about 90 degrees, or between about 50 degrees and about 90 degrees.

The non-electronic systems described can be light weight and easy tomobilize. In some embodiments, the barrier already exists as a permanentstructure such as a center divider on a freeway. In other embodiments,the barriers can be temporary and mobilized to the site of installation.

Thus, as a first step in constructing a system, a barrier is eitherlocated for installation or is constructed or otherwise assembled forinstallation. Once a barrier has been located or constructed, bracketscan be bolted to the top of the barriers using bolts, screws, or thelike. Typically, two brackets are used per barrier segment, but three ormore can also be used.

Then, elongated coupling members can be placed within the brackets.Holes can either be drilled through the elongated coupling members inorder to attach them, or holes may have been predrilled. The elongatedcoupling members are then attached to the brackets for example, using abolt and a nut as described supra.

In one embodiment, a fiber sensor or other sensor as described hereincan be installed along the top face of the elongated coupling members. Afoam cap can be installed, for example by gluing or friction, along thelength of the fiber wire to protect and shield the wire within the foam.The fiber wire can be connected to a control box or other securitysystem as described herein. In one embodiment, the fiber wire isinstalled within a channel cut into the top surface of the elongatedcoupling members. The addition of this fiber wire can alert/preventpersons from climbing over the structure or alert when contact has beenmade with the wall (e.g., car strikes barrier).

In some embodiments, the elongated coupling members can be permanentlyattached to barriers. For example, in one embodiment, an elongatedcoupling member cut in a length equal to that of a concrete highwaybarrier is glued onto the top of the barrier. The elongated couponingmember is then permanently attached to the barrier and the completebarrier/elongated coupling member part can be transported to a desiredlocation. In other embodiments, the barrier is permanently anchored tothe ground and the elongated coupling members can be glued to thebarrier thereby making the mating permanent.

The systems described can have many benefits over a barrier alone. Forexample, in a highway, road, or freeway embodiment, the elongatedcoupling members added to the top of a barrier can stop glare, stopblinding by oncoming traffic, stop water spray from opposing traffic,gawking from vehicles at locations such as construction sites, protecthighway workers from debris blowing over the barriers to a locationwhere highway construction workers are located, and protect vehiclesfrom debris projecting over the barriers thereby damaging vehicles.

In other embodiments, the height of the elongated coupling members canbe configured to stop or slow down wind forces, block sand, for examplein the desert, prevent sight lines, and/or prevent sound by reflection.

Further, in other highway, freeway, or road applications, the systemsdescribed can be configured to replace traditional wooden or plasticmaterials that employ metal posts/screws and/or bolts to attach to thetop of highway barriers. These traditional systems create dangerousprojectiles on impact. Further, traditional systems often employ woodwith metal poles that simply slide into the barriers with nothing moreto hold the wood down. These systems can disassemble in high winds andcreate dangerous highway, freeway, or road debris. The present systemsdo not create dangerous projectiles on impact. Rather, upon impact, onlypieces of foam result which are not dangerous like metal or woodshrapnel. Thus, the present systems are safe compared to traditionalsystems.

Also, when compared to traditional systems using wood and metal, thepresent foam systems can reduce the weight by greater than about 30%,greater than about 40%, greater than about 50%, greater than about 60%,greater than about 70%, greater than about 75%, or greater than about80%. In some embodiments, the systems described herein are so light thatthey can be installed by a single human worker with simple hand tools.Thus, the present systems may not require heavy machinery to install.

The systems and methods described herein can eliminate cost whencompared to conventional systems. For example, if no elongated couplingmember is used the cost can be reduced at least for the cost of thematerial itself. Further, if foam is used, mastic may be required aswell as caulking as a base product tool to hold it to the walls. Forexample, the present systems can reduce costs by about 10 times, about20 times, or about 30 times when compared to a traditional wall securitysystem. Further, the systems described herein can be installed on top ofan existing wall, barrier, or structure without the need to acquire abuilding or planning department permit. This can reduce costs evenfurther.

The systems described can be pliable enough to conduct vibrationscalibrated to more than about 10#, 15#, 20#, 30#, 40# or 50# weightthrough a fiber optic wire or analogue wire.

The systems described herein can add less than about 8 inches, 7 inches,6 inches, about 5 inches, about 4 inches, about 3 inches, about 2inches, about 1 inch, about 0.5 inches, about 0.25 inches, about 0.1inch or about 0.01 inch to the top of a wall.

The systems described can further stand up to environmental elements.The systems either painted or unpainted can sustain UV protection for atleast 3 years, at least 5 years, at least 7 years, at least 10 years, atleast 15 years, at least 20 years, at least 30 years, at least 40 years,or more. The systems can further withstand temperature fluctuations fromabout −50 F to about 200 F, about −30 F to about 150 F, about −20 F toabout 120 F, or and range created by the values listed.

The materials used for the foundation material and the top material canbe flexible to withstand both hot and cold climates. For example, thematerials can expand about 105%, about 110%, about 115%, about 120%,about 125%, about 130%, about 135%, about 140%, about 145%, about 150%,about 160%, about 170%, about 180%, about 190%, or about 200% of theiroriginal length.

Example 1 Installing a Security System on an Existing Cinder Block Wall

A six foot tall cinder block wall is selected to be secured. The wall ispressure washed with 5% chloride solution at a pressure of about 1,300psi. After washing, the wall is allowed to dry.

Then a vulcanized liquid rubber is rolled four inches wide along the topof the wall using a 4″ roller. Two or three coats can be applied. Whilestill tacky, a two inch cloth strip is laid along the top center of thevulcanized rubber layer. The vulcanized rubber layer can absorb into thefabric. Then, the fiber wire is centered on the fabric cloth strip. Asecond two inch cloth strip is placed on top of the fiber wire andcentered over the first cloth strip. Another layer of vulcanized rubberis rolled on top of the entire original rubber layer(s) and fabriclayer-fiber wire-fabric layer sandwich. This application of rubber canbe repeated as necessary to achieve a desired thickness. Afterapplication of an appropriate number of rubber layers, the entire systemis allowed to dry overnight.

When dry, the system can be painted a desired color. A fiber controlleris attached at one or both ends of the fiber optic wire and the fibercontroller can be hooked to a central controller. The system can then bearmed.

Example 2 Installing a Security System Including an Elongated CouplingMember on an Existing Cinder Block Wall

A six foot tall cinder block wall is selected to be secured. The wall ispressure washed with 5% chloride solution at a pressure of about 1,300psi. After washing, the wall is allowed to dry.

Then, elongated coupling members are attached to the top of the wallusing an appropriate adhesive. The adhesive is allowed to dry. Then,vulcanized liquid rubber is rolled along the top of the elongatedcoupling members using a roller. Two or three coats can be applied.While still tacky, a two inch cloth strip is laid along the top centerof the vulcanized rubber layer. The vulcanized rubber layer can absorbinto the fabric. Then, the fiber wire is centered on the fabric clothstrip. A second two inch cloth strip is placed on top of the fiber wireand centered over the first cloth strip. Another layer of vulcanizedrubber is rolled on top of the entire original rubber layer(s) andfabric layer-fiber wire-fabric layer sandwich. This application ofrubber can be repeated as necessary to achieve a desired thickness.After application of an appropriate number of rubber layers, the entiresystem is allowed to dry overnight.

When dry, the system can be painted a desired color. A fiber controlleris attached at one or both ends of the fiber optic wire and the fibercontroller can be hooked to a central controller. The system can then bearmed.

Example 3 Installing a Conduit System on a Jersey Barrier

A preexisting jersey barrier is located in the center of a freeway orexpressway. A six inch tall elongated coupling member coated in abed-liner material including two internal conduits is glued to the topof the jersey barrier. Subsequent elongated coupling members areattached to the jersey barrier as necessary to complete the length ofthe jersey barrier.

After installation, a communication line is run through one conduit toallow remote accessibility of a control box. A proximity sensor isinstalled in the same conduit to detect impacts with the jersey barrier.High and low voltage power are run though the other conduit to powerlights, signs, and the controller box.

Example 4 Installing a Conduit System on a Jersey Barrier

A preexisting jersey barrier is located in the center of a freeway orexpressway. A six inch tall elongated coupling member coated in abed-liner material including four internal conduits chosen for thesystem. Six adjacent conduit pipes are glued to the top of the jerseybarrier. Then, elongated coupling members including four integratedconduits are attached to the jersey barrier on top of the adjacentconduits. Subsequent conduits and elongated coupling members are addedas needed to complete a length of jersey barrier.

After installation, a communication line is run through one adjacentconduit to allow remote accessibility of a control box. A proximitysensor is installed in an integrated conduit to detect impacts with thejersey barrier. High and low voltage power are run though the adjacentconduit to power lights, cameras, signs, and the controller box.

Example 5 Installing an Assembly Atop a Highway Barrier

A preexisting highway barrier is located in the center of a freeway orexpressway. A 3 ft tall elongated coupling member coated in a polyureacoating is chosen for the system that matches the length of the highwaybarrier. The elongated coupling member is attached to the highwaybarrier using a bracket as described herein.

First, two brackets are bolted to the top surface of the barrier atdistances about 6 in from the end of the attached elongated couplingmember. Then, the elongated coupling member can be lifted into placewithin a channel formed by the two brackets. A single bolt can be runthrough each bracket and the elongated coupling member and threaded witha nut at the opposite side of each bolt thereby securing the elongatedcoupling member to the barrier.

Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities ofingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions,and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understoodas being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly,unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth inthe specification and attached claims are approximations that may varydepending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by thepresent invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit theapplication of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims,each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of thenumber of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary roundingtechniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameterssetting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, thenumerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported asprecisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently containscertain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation foundin their respective testing measurements.

The terms “a,” “an,” “the” and similar referents used in the context ofdescribing the invention (especially in the context of the followingclaims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural,unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context.Recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as ashorthand method of referring individually to each separate valuefalling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, eachindividual value is incorporated into the specification as if it wereindividually recited herein. All methods described herein can beperformed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein orotherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and allexamples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein isintended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose alimitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No languagein the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimedelement essential to the practice of the invention.

Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the inventiondisclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each groupmember may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combinationwith other members of the group or other elements found herein. It isanticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, ordeleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability.When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is deemedto contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written descriptionof all Markush groups used in the appended claims.

Certain embodiments of this invention are described herein, includingthe best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Ofcourse, variations on these described embodiments will become apparentto those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoingdescription. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ suchvariations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention tobe practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly,this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subjectmatter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicablelaw. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

In closing, it is to be understood that the embodiments of the inventiondisclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the presentinvention. Other modifications that may be employed are within the scopeof the invention. Thus, by way of example, but not of limitation,alternative configurations of the present invention may be utilized inaccordance with the teachings herein. Accordingly, the present inventionis not limited to that precisely as shown and described.

I claim:
 1. A barrier top assembly comprising: at least one elongatedcoupling member configured to be coupled to a barrier; and at least onebracket configured to attach the at least one elongated coupling memberto the barrier.
 2. The barrier top assembly of claim 1, wherein thebarrier is a concrete highway barrier.
 3. The barrier top assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the barrier is a polymeric highway barrier.
 4. Thebarrier top assembly of claim 1, wherein the elongated coupling memberis between about 6 ft and about 14 ft long.
 5. The barrier top assemblyof claim 1, wherein the elongated coupling member is between about 1 ftand about 3 ft tall.
 6. The barrier top assembly of claim 1, wherein theelongated coupling member includes a foam.
 7. The barrier top assemblyof claim 6, wherein the foam is an expanded polystyrene (EPS).
 8. Thebarrier top assembly of claim 6, wherein the foam includes a coating. 9.The barrier top assembly of claim 8, wherein the coating includes apolyurea.
 10. The barrier top assembly of claim 1, wherein the at leastone bracket includes a transverse portion that is configured to attachto a top surface of the barrier.
 11. The barrier top assembly of claim10, wherein a bolt is used to attach the bracket to the barrier throughthe transverse portion.
 12. The barrier top assembly of claim 11,wherein the elongated coupling member includes a channel along a bottomsurface configured to allow the bolt to reside inside the channel. 13.The barrier top assembly of claim 10, wherein a bolt and a nut are usedto attach the at least one elongated coupling member to the at least onebracket.
 14. A method of constructing a barrier top assembly, the methodcomprising: attaching an elongated coupling member to the top surface ofa barrier using at least one bracket.
 15. The method of claim 14,wherein the barrier is a concrete highway barrier or a polymeric highwaybarrier.
 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the elongated couplingmember is between about 6 ft and about 14 ft long and between about 1 ftand about 3 ft tall.
 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the elongatedcoupling member includes a expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam.
 18. Themethod of claim 17, wherein the EPS foam includes a polyurea coating.19. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one bracket includes atransverse portion that is configured to attach to the top surface ofthe barrier, and wherein a bolt is used to attach the bracket to thebarrier through the transverse portion.
 20. The method of claim 19,wherein the elongated coupling member includes a channel along a bottomsurface configured to allow the bolt to reside inside the channel.